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- LIVING, Page 75Cattlemen vs. "Granola Bars"
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- The glamourati are flocking to Montana's Big Sky Country -- and
- stirring up cultural warfare with longtime residents
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- By JEROME CRAMER/LIVINGSTON
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- Tahoe and Aspen are overcrowded; Santa Fe is commercialized;
- when a mogul or a movie star wants to enjoy untainted American
- spaces, what's left? Try Montana. For members of the names-in-
- bold-print set, from Ted Turner to Tom Brokaw, from Dennis Quaid
- and Meg Ryan to Mel Gibson and Kiefer Sutherland, from Emilio
- Estevez and Charlie Sheen to Oakland A's owner Walter Haas, the
- Big Sky State has become the hottest of hideaways. Says Russ
- Francis, a former San Francisco 49er football star who recently
- joined the rush to Big Sky Country: "This is the last best place
- in America."
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- What began as a trickle 15 years ago has turned into a
- wave of well-to-do outsiders, as business tycoons, movie stars
- and other pilgrims bring a taste of the Chardonnay-and-chevre
- life-style to the underpopulated northern rangelands. Rocker
- Huey Lewis has bought a spread in the western section of the
- state, joining anchorman Brokaw and stars Michael Keaton and
- Jeff Bridges. Fashion designer Liz Claiborne and her husband own
- not one but two ranches. "We went out to stay in a small resort
- and ended up buying the place," she says. Ted Turner has
- purchased about 127,000 acres of prime land just north of
- Paradise Valley and Yellowstone National Park and is building
- a home there; he is believed to be the largest landowner in the
- state. Even baritone Pablo Elvira has moved west; he sponsors
- an opera festival in downtown Bozeman each May.
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- For every celebrity there are dozens of ordinary travelers
- who visit, fall in love and buy (or dream of buying) vacation
- homes. It is easy to see what entices them: breathtaking
- landscape, boundless fresh air and only 5 people per sq. mi.
- (vs. 3.3 deer and hundreds of trout). "It's a long way from the
- trade lanes and booming coasts, but it's a wonderful place to
- live and work. Trouble is, everybody wants to claim it all at
- once," says Tom McGuane, the laconic author (Ninety-Two in the
- Shade, Something to Be Desired) who beat the trend by moving to
- the state in 1968.
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- The flood of newcomers has also brought new values and
- enthusiasms to the high prairie, sometimes outraging longtime
- residents in the process. Take elk hunting, for example, which
- is about as popular in Montana as golf is in Palm Springs,
- Calif. Turner infuriated hunters by barring them from his
- property. Old-timers retaliated by taking out newspaper ads
- warning Turner to stay off their land. Then Turner announced he
- would raise buffalo, not cattle, on his spread. "The buffalo
- were here first," he insisted. Local cattle ranchers are worried
- that the strange herds might spread disease. They are even more
- concerned about a campaign by environmental activists -- known
- sneeringly as "granola bars" -- to reintroduce gray wolves to
- Yellowstone Park. Ranchers fear the predators will grow hungry,
- start roaming and devastate their herds.
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- For decades Montana ranchers have viewed the privilege of
- using federal grazing land as an inalienable right. Now hikers
- and campers object to soiling their boots in high mountain
- pastures used by cows as summer feeding grounds, and many of
- them want the cattle banned. A new range war, in fact, is
- mounting between those in the traditional occupations of mining,
- logging, ranching and farming and those who want the state's
- resources protected. "The traditionalists have to realize that
- we've reached the end of what we have to waste," says naturalist
- and writer David Quammen. Some environmentalists have raised the
- slogan "Cattle-Free by '93." Ranchers reply with bumper stickers
- that read CATTLE GALORE BY '94.
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- Some of those battles are liable to rage for years to
- come, but the influx of newcomers has helped spur at least one
- long-term benefit: an effort by McGuane and others to preserve
- their land through conservation agreements. A group called
- Montana Land Reliance arranges tax breaks for landowners who
- pledge never to subdivide their holdings and to protect their
- water and streams. So far, the Reliance has placed 77,000 prime
- acres of ranch property under agreements that protect more than
- 170 miles of stream and riverbanks. Others, including Turner and
- Claiborne, have promised their land to the Nature Conservancy
- and similar groups to protect it from development.
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- There is a touch of irony to those high-minded efforts.
- Would they be quite so necessary, some folks wonder, if the
- glamorous set had simply stayed away in the first place? As one
- sign of the permanent change that glitz has wrought, a line of
- 250 people recently snaked down the block leading to the local
- Moose lodge in the ranching town of Livingston, about 80 miles
- north of Yellowstone. Farmers, local ranchers and teenagers were
- answering a casting call for parts in a movie about fly-fishing,
- soon to be shot by Robert Redford. The film is sure to entice
- even more visitors to the state's trout streams, leaving locals
- even more irked than they already are at the vacation styles of
- the rich and famous.
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